台灣聯合大學博碩士論文系統

本文以新加坡與馬來西亞的邊界為背景，以新柔長堤、跨國遷移勞動者和邊境城市——新山，作為邊界治理技術以及邊界空間的觀察對象，重新爬梳新馬邊界變化的歷史背景，並探究當今新加坡和馬來西亞跨國邊境的勞動力、消費主體與消費市場等等在密切地合作與交流之下，跨國人口是如何在這方面經驗他們的日常生活以及新山作為一個邊界空間，又是在在什麼樣的條件下產生新的資本空間。

筆者透過兩國過去共同歷史殖民的邊界治理作用，直到當代兩國的邊界政策與兩國之間正在開展的經濟合作還有新加坡開始向馬來西亞開放勞動力的政策等，以此分析雙邊國家在邊界治理的過程中如何構建和影響了這一邊界空間的形塑與及當中跨國遷移勞動者的社群。儘管在檯面上看起來是有越來越多的相互合作交流，新馬分離後的邊界在普遍的意義上，並沒有因此變得模糊。另一層面上，民族、公民、階級身份這樣的意識形態劃界，強烈地構成了日常生活和身份的某種區域化，並塑造了一個使用於組織機構的政策制度以及執行日常慣例的社會空間框架。除了雙邊因素之外，筆者也探討在新自由主義全球化下，資本流動如何介入邊界空間治理模式，而在不斷變動中的邊界治理概念，又如何影響了當地的空間與人口的生活現實。

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the people experience their daily lives through the cooperation of cross-border labor force, consumers, consumer market and how the new capital space was created on the border of Singapore and Malaysia. This paper reviews the historical background of the border, moreover the observation of trans-migrant workers and the border city, Johor Bahru as an observation object of boundary space and boundary governance.

This paper analyzes the border governance of this two state since the British colonial period until the border policy and also the ongoing economic cooperation between the two state nowadays. For instance, how the foreign workforce policy of Singapore towards Malaysia have constructed and influenced the shaping of boundary space and the community of trans-migrant workers. Despite more mutual cooperation between Singapore and Malaysia, the boundaries of ethnicity and citizenship actually have become clearer on the other level. The demarcation strongly provides a framework for organizing and implementing routine practices of social space and constituted some regionalization of everyday life and identities. In addition to bilateral factors, the issue of capital flows under neoliberal globalization intervene in the model of border governance and how the concept of border governance affects the realities of local space and population life also will be discussed in this study.

摘要 ------------------------------------------------ i
Abstract ------------------------------------------- ii
謝誌 ----------------------------------------------- iii
目錄 ---------------------------------------------- v
表目錄 -------------------------------------------- vii
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------- viii

第一章 導論 ---------------------------------------- 1
第一節 研究動機與問題意識 -------------------------- 1
第二節 文獻回顧 ------------------------------------- 3
第三節 章節安排 ------------------------------------- 7

第二章 新馬的邊界空間------------------------------- 9
第一節 新馬邊界的歷史背景-------------------------- 9
1.1 1945年前：英殖民時期的新馬邊界----------------- 9
1.2 1945年後：新馬的合併與分裂 -------------------- 13
1.3 分家之後：新馬兩國的主權界線 ------------------- 19
1.4 新馬貨幣解體過程——貨幣關係的轉變 ------------- 23
第二節 海峽兩岸的斷裂與接合：新柔長堤 -------------- 26
2.1新柔長堤的歷史背景 -------------------------------- 26
2.2邊界治理技術下的長堤與邊界空間 ------------------ 31
第三節 本章小結 ------------------------------------- 37

第三章 新馬邊界的跨國遷移者社群--------------------- 39
第一節 跨國遷移勞動者——馬勞 ---------------------- 39
1.1 新加坡產業史與引進外來勞動力需求的關係--------- 39
1.2 馬勞作為跨國遷移者的個體經驗 -------------------- 43
1.3 馬勞的社群與組織——新加坡意外援助中心 --------- 48
第二節 新加坡社會與跨國遷移者社群之關係 ------------ 51
2.1新加坡國族神話政治下的移工移民政策---------------- 51
2.2本／外劃界：新加坡社會對「外來者」的排除與接納-- 58
第三節 本章小結-------------------------------------- 62

第四章 跨境城市的空間與邊界政治---------------------- 64
第一節 邊境城市——新山------------------------------ 64
1.1新新關係：新加坡與新山 ---------------------------- 64
1.2 新馬兩國權力共構下的邊界城市空間----------------- 69
第二節 跨國資本的空間生產 ---------------------------- 72
2.1 南洋的深圳：中國資本在新山 ------------------------ 72
2.2 多重的邊界：以「森林城市」為例 ------------------- 74
第三節 本章小結- -------------------------------------- 78

第五章 結論 --------------------------------------------- 80

參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------ 83
附錄 ---------------------------- ----------------------- 88
附錄1：《馬勞訪談錄——面談》-------------------------- 88
附錄2：《馬勞訪談錄——線上問卷》--------------------- 95
附錄2：《新加坡意外援救中心訪談錄 》------------------ 98

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